SCP - безопасное копирование файлов в Linux

Дата обновления: 09.07.2021

SCP (Secure Copy) - утилита Linux, используемая для копирования файлов между хостами. Это прекрасная замена FTP! SCP использует безопасное соединение SSH, поэтому этот вариант можно считать одним из бозопасных способов копирования.

Примеры SCP

Копирование с локального хоста на удаленный:

$ scp file1.txt user2@host2:/dir/

Копирование с удаленного хоста на локальный хост:

$ scp user2@host2:/home/user2/file.txt /var/

Копирование файлов с удаленного хоста на локальный хост:

$ scp user2@host2:/home/user2/* /var/

Копирование директории (ключ -r) с удаленного хоста на локальный:

$ scp -r user2@host2:/dir/ /home/user1/

Копирование локальной директории (ключ -r) на удаленный хост:

$ scp -r /home/user1/ user2@host2:/dir/

Копирование файла с одного удаленного хоста на другой:

$ scp user2@host2:/dir2/file.txt user3@host3:/dir3/

man scp

SCP(1) BSD General Commands Manual SCP(1)

NAME
scp — secure copy (remote file copy program)

SYNOPSIS
scp [-346BCpqrTv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file] [-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port] [-S program] source ... target

DESCRIPTION
scp copies files between hosts on a network. It uses ssh(1) for data transfer, and uses the same authentication and provides the same security as ssh(1). scp will ask for passwords or passphrases if they are needed for au?
thentication.

The source and target may be specified as a local pathname, a remote host with optional path in the form [user@]host:[path], or a URI in the form scp://[user@]host[:port][/path]. Local file names can be made explicit using
absolute or relative pathnames to avoid scp treating file names containing ‘:’ as host specifiers.

When copying between two remote hosts, if the URI format is used, a port may only be specified on the target if the -3 option is used.

The options are as follows:

-3 Copies between two remote hosts are transferred through the local host. Without this option the data is copied directly between the two remote hosts. Note that this option disables the progress meter.

-4 Forces scp to use IPv4 addresses only.

-6 Forces scp to use IPv6 addresses only.

-B Selects batch mode (prevents asking for passwords or passphrases).

-C Compression enable. Passes the -C flag to ssh(1) to enable compression.

-c cipher
Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfer. This option is directly passed to ssh(1).

-F ssh_config
Specifies an alternative per-user configuration file for ssh. This option is directly passed to ssh(1).

-i identity_file
Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for public key authentication is read. This option is directly passed to ssh(1).

-l limit
Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.

-o ssh_option
Can be used to pass options to ssh in the format used in ssh_config(5). This is useful for specifying options for which there is no separate scp command-line flag. For full details of the options listed below, and
their possible values, see ssh_config(5).

AddressFamily
BatchMode
BindAddress
BindInterface
CanonicalDomains
CanonicalizeFallbackLocal
CanonicalizeHostname
CanonicalizeMaxDots
CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs
CASignatureAlgorithms
CertificateFile
ChallengeResponseAuthentication
CheckHostIP
Ciphers
Compression
ConnectionAttempts
ConnectTimeout
ControlMaster
ControlPath
ControlPersist
GlobalKnownHostsFile
GSSAPIAuthentication
GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
HashKnownHosts
Host
HostbasedAuthentication
HostbasedKeyTypes
HostKeyAlgorithms
HostKeyAlias
HostName
IdentitiesOnly
IdentityAgent
IdentityFile
IPQoS
KbdInteractiveAuthentication
KbdInteractiveDevices
KexAlgorithms
LogLevel
MACs
NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
NumberOfPasswordPrompts
PasswordAuthentication
PKCS11Provider
Port
PreferredAuthentications
ProxyCommand
ProxyJump
PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes
PubkeyAuthentication
RekeyLimit
SendEnv
ServerAliveInterval
ServerAliveCountMax
SetEnv
StrictHostKeyChecking
TCPKeepAlive
UpdateHostKeys
User
UserKnownHostsFile
VerifyHostKeyDNS

-P port
Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host. Note that this option is written with a capital ‘P’, because -p is already reserved for preserving the times and modes of the file.

-p Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the original file.

-q Quiet mode: disables the progress meter as well as warning and diagnostic messages from ssh(1).

-r Recursively copy entire directories. Note that scp follows symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.

-S program
Name of program to use for the encrypted connection. The program must understand ssh(1) options.

-T Disable strict filename checking. By default when copying files from a remote host to a local directory scp checks that the received filenames match those requested on the command-line to prevent the remote end from
sending unexpected or unwanted files. Because of differences in how various operating systems and shells interpret filename wildcards, these checks may cause wanted files to be rejected. This option disables these
checks at the expense of fully trusting that the server will not send unexpected filenames.

-v Verbose mode. Causes scp and ssh(1) to print debugging messages about their progress. This is helpful in debugging connection, authentication, and configuration problems.

EXIT STATUS
The scp utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

SEE ALSO
sftp(1), ssh(1), ssh-add(1), ssh-agent(1), ssh-keygen(1), ssh_config(5), sshd(8)

HISTORY
scp is based on the rcp program in BSD source code from the Regents of the University of California.

AUTHORS
Timo Rinne
Tatu Ylonen

BSD September 20, 2018

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